我经常被问到最好的光是什么光。不幸的是,没有正确的答案。首先,美学存在差异。这是一个纯粹的主观决定,只有爱好者才能为自己做出。大多数时候,业余爱好者都倾向于频谱的蓝色端,因为它非常讨人喜欢,呈荧光荧光。
就珊瑚生物学而言,最适合您的水箱的照明类型将在很大程度上取决于您打算保留的动物。正如我在第1部分中提到的那样,corals will adapt to lighting by regulating their zooxanthellae, so most coral will grow under any of these lighting technologies。话虽如此,也完全有可能让一些珊瑚呈现出理想的外观,而其他珊瑚在相同的光线下变得较少。这就是混合礁箱要付出的代价。当每个珊瑚居民来自完全不同的地理和自然条件时,通常不可能为每个珊瑚居民优化光。
As far as the type of technology to use, that will depend on what aspects of the technology are most important to you. There are also pros and cons to any type of lighting technology, whether it is LED, T5, metal halide, or even natural sunlight. Depending on your situation, the drawbacks of one technology might not matter to you. Conversely, the benefits of another technology might not be meaningful to you.
让我们依次谈谈每个人,从最受欢迎的开始:
发光二极管(LED)
领导设备很好,因为他们提供最in terms of control. It is possible to control each LED individually, so the hobbyist can customize the schedule, colors, and intensity. Of all the types of lighting, I think LEDs do the best job of showcasing corals by bringing out the most appealing fluorescence. They are energy-efficient, and the LEDs themselves are long-lasting. Lastly, the fixtures tend to run cooler than T5 fluorescents or metal halides, which is a big deal for hobbyists in warmer climates that have to battle to cool their tanks. It is far more difficult to cool water down than it is to heat it up.
LED的缺点是,某些珊瑚在LED下没有像其他类型的光线那样染色,特别是SPS和某些LPS,例如acanthastreaandMICROMUSSA。I use a lot of LED in my greenhouse currently, mainly to conserve energy, but I prefer both T5 and metal halide when it comes to growth and developing color. Some aquarists have issues with the spotlight nature of LEDs, where dark shadow areas on the undersides of corals cause the colony to die off.
同样,尽管LED本身可以持续很长时间,但由于其他电子组件失败,固定装置的寿命可能比LED的额定寿命要短得多。LED的最后缺点不会影响太多人,但是对于那些对摄影感兴趣的人来说,LED是有史以来最糟糕的光。
无论好坏,LED迅速成为爱好中最受欢迎的照明形式,如果还没有。与其他类型相比,它是最新的技术,可以看到一些重大改进,从而消除了我列出的许多缺点。
T5荧光
T5荧光灯是薄的玻璃管,可产生非常健壮的光谱,使珊瑚很好地染色。几乎每个疯狂的SPS水族馆都简单地吹走了我,都实现了这种照明。
有很多灯泡选择,可以使您的水箱几乎为任何类型的美学提供。我之所以说“差不多”,是因为全蓝色LED灯的外观非常独特。尽管它们在LED的范围内不可控制,但有些固定装置可以使T5灯泡变暗以产生黎明/黄昏的照明效果(尽管我不知道这是否会降低灯泡的寿命)。最后,由于T5灯泡发出的光在灯泡的长度上均匀散布,因此几乎没有斑点效应的痕迹会粘贴点源照明。
但是,没有照明系统是完美的,T5固定装置具有其缺点。首先,灯泡的生活令人沮丧。它们开始在频谱和强度上侵蚀大约6个月,到12个月,它们是一个截然不同的灯泡。在温室里,我的运行时间比这更长,只是因为它们补充了我们收到的阳光,但是当我终于到处汇出灯泡时,差异很大。第二个缺点是能源效率,虽然在每块基础上并不可怕,但并不像LED灯那样好。
Depending on the number of bulbs in the fixture, T5s can get expensive to operate. For example, if you have an 8-bulb fixture, the electrical consumption along with the cost of bulb replacements might make for the most expensive lighting upkeep out of all the technologies. Lastly, the bulbs themselves are fragile and can easily break during shipping, especially when you consider the longer bulb lengths of 48” and 60”.
金属卤化物照明
最终,我们进入了金属卤化物,我敢猜测这是业余爱好者层面上最不受欢迎的照明形式,并且可能是商业水平上最受欢迎的照明。金属卤化物的积极方面是它们的强度,频谱和寿命。当涉及到爱情的珊瑚增长时,我认为没有其他技术也可以做到这一点。
Metal halide bulbs are a point light source like LEDs but are even more concentrated. When shining down into the tank, they create a very pleasing shimmering effect, which is almost absent under the diffuse light of a T5 fluorescent bulb. Those shimmer lines closely replicate what is seen in nature, and a study done several years back indicated that corals actually benefit from them.
金属卤化物的主要问题是能源消耗和热量。金属卤化物灯泡会消耗大量电力,如果您刚刚安装了新的Halide固定装置,它将在每月的电费上引起明显的电力。金属卤化物产生的热量也必须处理。在大型房间中的大型水族馆中,一些放置的冷却风扇可能会解决问题。在较小的水族馆或在加热的狭窄区域中,可能需要安装冷却器或摇动空调以补偿。无论哪种方式,热量管理都会进一步增加电费。
In terms of controllability, it is practically absent from these bulbs. They can turn on and off. In some ways, they don’t even do that well all the time because some require a cooling off period before they can turn back on. There are dimmable metal halides, but from everything I’ve read, it’s not great for the bulbs and some bulbs will shift colors as a result.
现在我们已经掌握了照明的类型,希望您能看到他们所有人都有他们的利弊。什么将使您的水箱中的最佳光很大程度上取决于对您重要的因素。我可以说,大多数珊瑚几乎都可以保存在任何类型的灯具下。需要极度强光的珊瑚清单令人惊讶地短,但是我在开玩笑,我们的水族师试图从我们的珊瑚中挤出最后1%的颜色。
混合照明解决方案
Picking what light to go with can be daunting, but the obvious solution to deciding on a fixture is to not really decide on anything. You could get a light that incorporates more than one technology. Hybrid lighting systems exist that combine LED and T5, metal halide and T5, or metal halide and LED. There might even be some systems out there that combine all three.
该固定装置可能非常昂贵,因此这是一个节省成本的提示:假设您有一个LED固定装置,您很满意,但想用T5补充它,但是您不喜欢T5灯泡的外观。您可以做的是购买带有所有白色灯泡的廉价T5固定装置,在远离坦克时仅运行约4至6个小时。这样一来,珊瑚仍然从光线和颜色中脱色得很好,但是当您返回家乡时,它不会干扰LED的美感。
自然光
潮汐花园利用从温室结构中的自然光和主要来自T5和LED固定装置的补充光线混合在一起。当。。。的时候greenhouse它是在2002年建造的,这个想法是,太阳是完美的计时器上的完美光,在此灯下生长的珊瑚将是最低电气成本的最健康标本。
这个前提仍然可能是正确的,但不一定在温室所在的俄亥俄州。各个季节的照明差异对珊瑚产生了巨大影响,有些物种根本不喜欢它。有人可能会猜测是问题是寒冷,黑暗的俄亥俄州冬季,但实际上是夏天。事实证明,冬季是几乎每个珊瑚的最佳生长。如果我不得不猜测,这与光强度和光周期的变化都有关。在夏天,感觉就像太阳在天空中的时间是两倍,这不是一件好事。事实证明,冬季的光周期较短,对于这里的珊瑚来说是一个更好的情况。
Setups that are designed to use natural light would be the most successful in areas that have the most consistent climates, but preferably not in crazy-hot climates because it is far more difficult to chill water than it is to heat it up.
Conclusion
光是业余爱好的一个至关重要的方面,也是礁石水族馆中有一个辩论的话题。希望本文可以帮助您确定系统所需的照明类型。让我们知道您最终在下面的评论部分中选择了哪个。
如果您错过了,请务必阅读第1部分:Zooxanthellae,色温和光强度。