阿德利亚·何（Adeljean Ho）was introduced to me by Dr. Matt Wittenrich at MACNA in Orlando. When discussing this fish with Dr. Wittenrich, he suggested that Adeljean had another opinion. After sharing a draft of my opinion post with him, the response from Adeljean was impressive. Adeljean, a PhD student in fish biology & ornamental aquaculture at Florida Tech, brings a solid knowledgebase to add a viewpoint to the conundrum that is the Proaquatix Tangerine Ocellaris Clownfish. We’ve heard from杰克·亚当斯, we’ve heard from me (Matt Pedersen), and now Adeljean weighs in with a third perspective to provide some technical corrections and further insights into the unique Proaquatix Tangerine ocellaris. There is certainly no shortage of guesses and opinions on these thought provoking introductions. – Matt P.
As a marine researcher and proponent of ornamental aquaculture, I get particularly excited when new cultured products hit the market. Unable to attend MACNA this year, I was graciously allowed to take an up close and personal look at the newly launched “Proaquatix Tangerine”Ocellaristheir facility in Vero Beach, FL. After examining their specimens, there is very little doubt in my mind what these fish actually are.
The “Tangerine”Ocellaris自从他们首次亮相以来，他们被标记了几件事；这些包括低层，有奏和代码（共同主导）白化病。但是，白带和白化病之间存在明显的差异。区别是白化病是一种只会改变黑色素（黑色颜料）的疾病，这意味着白化动物要么完全缺乏黑色素，要么与“正常”类型相比，黑色素量减少。另一方面，白细胞是困扰着颜色细胞（色谱）本身的条件，因此所有颜色都会受到影响，而不仅仅是黑色素。
So what are the “Tangerine”Ocellaris? Are they leucistic or albinistic?
A common occurrence in leucistic animals is that they have “normal” appearing eyes. This is because eyes develop from a different source of tissue than skin chromatophores (color cells). Another characteristic of leucistic animals is either white or a muted coloration. However the orange coloration in anemonefishes is diet dependent (carotenoids), and high carotenoid farm feeds might mask leucism by inducing an orange color. However, the orange in the “Tangerine”Ocellarisis mute compared to standardOcellaristhat Proaquatix produces. This lends me to entertain the idea that they might be leucistic. However, if they were albinos, the lack of melanin would result in a lack of counter shading and make them look paler. With the substantial reduction in black, orange that is comparable to the normalOcellaris, and red eyes, I agree with Matt that these fish are indeed albinistic. However, I disagree on the mode of albinism.
Matt calls them codom (co-dominant) albinos. However, I recommend his term be corrected to incomplete dominance, as the two terms are not synonymous. Let us use a hypothetical example with hair. Incomplete dominance is a scenario where neither allele is dominant over each other, but they are both expressed in a transitional form. In our hair example, curly = C and straight = S. So SS = straight hair, CC = curly, but CS = wavy hair, an intermediate form. In the albinos, this would play out as 0% black, 50% black, and 100% black. In co-dominance however, alleles are equally dominant at the same time. So HC=卷曲和HS= straight. In this case HSHS= straight hair, HCHC= curly hair, and HSHC= is a mix. Meaning if you are HSHCyou would have 50% curly hairs and 50% straight hairs, very different from wavy hair.
The “Tangerine”Ocellaris鳍上有一点黑色的暗示，马特表明这是来自不完整的优势场景（黑色50％）。但是，我不同意。我们对白化病的大多数理解都来自人类。许多特定的突变会使多个基因有缺陷并导致白化病。由于黑色素是合成的，因此合成途径的任何部分都可能导致黑色素产生的减少。但是，在合成途径（基因/突变）中，异常发生的情况会影响产生的黑色素量（黑色）。例如，如果突变完全使酶酪氨酸酶失活，那么黑色素就无法再产生，并导致完整的白化病（根本没有黑色）。但是，某些突变会影响合成的其他方面并导致酪氨酸酶的残留功能。
This leads to varying levels of melanins being produced and thus varying levels of black. Although incomplete dominance for melanin production does exist, a single functioning allele can lead to a lot of melanin production. Thus if these fish were to be incompletely dominant we would see much more black in the adults and the faint black they exhibit is not enough to constitute 50% black. It is likely the mutation crippled, but not destroyed the melanin synthesis pathway, and thus there are residual hints of black in the fish. If the pathway was completely destroyed, we would have fish with no black at all. I suggest that these fish exhibit complete dominance, meaning the albino mutation is recessive and only a homozygote recessive fish would be a “Proaquatix Tangerine”Ocellaris.
人们普遍认为，动物必须是完全白色的或缺乏黑色的白色才能成为白化病，但是事实并非如此。人们经常称之为白化病（缺少全黑）的东西可以被更恰当地称为完整的白化病或Amelanistic。由于“橘子”中有痕迹和不同的黑色水平Ocellaris, they are not complete albinos but albinos nonetheless. As all albinos are hypomelanistic by definition, terming them hypomelanistic is appropriate. However, to call them “almost albino” or “semi-albino” would be incorrect. Take a lamp for instance. Either it is on or off, you cannot have “almost on” or “semi-on”. Nevertheless, I am excited to see the results of Proaquatix’s proposed rearing trials to help elucidate and hopefully confirm my assessment of the nature of this variant.
Adeljean L.F.C. Ho
Doctor of Philosophy Student
Aquaculture Laboratory / Fish Biology
Florida Institute of Technology
美国佛罗里达州墨尔本
www.AdeljeanHo.com
