I have now been keeping reef tanks for over 30 years and over that time I have seen fads and techniques come and go and I have been asked questions about just about every aspect of the hobby. Despite all of the advances we have made and the knowledge, we have gained I am still asked about one topic far more frequently than any other:我如何摆脱藻类问题。
在爱好的早期，答案相对容易，将营养水平降低到尽可能接近零，您会饿死藻类，容易的毛毛。然而，今天，它并不像我们许多人一样简单，现在我们许多人将养分水平保持在更高的水平上，因为我们发现这些较高的营养水平要么与更健康，更丰富多彩的珊瑚或我们的水箱等同当营养水平不接近零时，只需做得更好即可。
As a result, trying to have near zero nutrient levels is not an option. Over time I have also come to realize that managing algae is what I am doing as I never really get rid of it completely.
To help me understand algae better I have looked to my real job, I work in oncology, i.e. cancer and have worked in this field for the past 20 plus years. Invariably when someone finds out what I do they often ask: “Why isn’t there a cure for cancer?” When I started in this field and was naïve the thought process was that cancer is cancer, that is, there was seemingly only a couple of reasons why it occurred and so there should be a relatively simple way to cure it.
但是，在过去的二十年中，我们发现癌症比我们想象的要复杂得多。即使您谈论乳腺癌，结肠或肺癌，这些类型的每种类型的癌症实际上也存在无限的突变或机制，这些突变或机制现在甚至不再被视为一种类型，因为内部有无数的基因组和遗传突变使他们每个人都不同的他们。
Now I am not equating the seriousness of cancer with algae, as in addition to working in the field I am also dealing with a close family member battling it, so I understand how horrible and significant a disease it is, instead I am trying to illustrate that as with cancer, as our understanding of algae has improved we now know that there are many variations within it and there is no simple cure.
多年来，我与大多数类型的藻类作斗争，因此我有很多处理它的经验。话虽如此，我不认为自己是专家，我仍然阅读并了解别人在做什么。在这方面，经常在线海报Twillard在处理藻类方面进行了大量研究，因此我想通过我将提供的一些信息来归功于他。我尝试过的许多技术都是他的工作结果。
关于有问题的藻类需要理解的第一个方面是如何引入它，因为如果您可以限制其引入，则可以更好地控制它。您将永远无法将其完全放在水箱之外，但是如果您保持警惕，则可以限制真正有问题的类型的引入。
藻类来自哪里
From my perspective, algae and algae spores are present on just about anything we add to our tanks. From the bases of maricultured corals to frag plugs and what’s in a fish’s intestines, the start of an algae problem can start from many sources. In the past couple of years, I have encountered algae issues coming from sources that I did not think possible.
在一个例子中，我启动了一个完全“死”干燥的活岩的坦克，但仍在几个月之内，不同的藻类菌株从中却出现了，而我不了解它的来源。也许它来自我房子中其他水箱的藻类孢子，这是我用于去除或控制藻类的任何设备的原因之一，或者可能携带藻类碎片或孢子的任何设备都用于单个储罐上而不共享。
bryopsis
在另一种情况下，我试图帮助一个朋友，他的坦克在他重建水箱时保留鱼，用藻类过度长满藻类。我拿来的一条鱼是一条黄色的唐，它从饱满的藻类中很胖和快乐。不幸的是，在这条鱼的肠道中，即使在我认为是一个干净的水箱中，也以令人难以置信的速度再现。因此，我了解到控制藻类问题类型的第一步是限制其引入。
As I said above, in the past when algae became problematic the first step was typically to lower the nutrient levels in the tank, in particular phosphate and nitrate. While this can still help some, especially when turf algae or slime algae like Derbesia are present, it is not a cure all.
因此，如果藻类变得有问题，显然第一步是测试储罐的参数。我并不是我说的那样保持低营养系统的倡导者，因此在我的系统中，目标是将磷酸盐保持在0.05至.1之间，硝酸盐在5-20之间，尽管我已经看到在保持藻类的系统中保持不含藻类高于这些水平要高得多。因此，不仅要保持藻类的控制水平，而且还涉及的因素更多的因素不仅要使这两个营养水平低以控制藻类。
这些因素中的第一个因素是某些类型的藻类的限制因素，或者可以帮助减少藻类问题的因素令人惊讶magnesium. For slime algae, including Derbesia, it has been my experience that when these become problematic, the magnesium levels have often fallen below 1400.
Again this is why testing this and the other important parameters in a tank and maintaining them at consistent levels may important for helping to keep algae in check. As with everything, when these levels are too low I raise them gradually over a week to the desired level. When algae becomes really problematic, I have heard of individuals raising their magnesium levels significantly higher than this to try and remedy the problem.
这并不表示significa镁水平ntly in excess of 1400 are toxic to fish or corals so having them higher than 1400 does not appear to produce any log term problems. But raising and maintaining magnesium levels above 1400 is not a remedy for all algae problems.
As I noted above, there are many varieties of problematic algae as well as many “strains” of algae within different genera and this is why a treatment for a type of algae may work for most types and even though an alga may look the same as one found in another tank, it does not always respond to the same treatment. One of the best examples of this that I have seen is the response of the problematic algae Bryopsis to the anti-fungal agent Fluconazole.
As far as I can tell, one of the first people to report and explain why Bryopsis dies off when exposed to Fluconazole was Twillard, although I have also seen several other authors and posters report similar results over the past year. I must admit that having worked with Fluconzole in immunocompromised cancer patients I was skeptical of how it would work as well as if it would work before I tried it.
它如何工作的作用机理是它抑制了麦角固醇的产生，麦角固醇的产生负责维持植物的细胞壁完整性，并且在原生动物和真菌的细胞膜中也发现了麦角醇。这就是为什么它被用作人类的抗真菌剂，甚至在诸如脚趾指甲真菌之类的常见疾病中使用。
Unlike many herbicides, which usually work quickly, it has been reported that using it on Bryopsis takes time, and that usually the full effect is not seen for two weeks or more and that a second dosing may be required. The standard dosing is 20mg per gallon, but the toxic level seems to be much higher than this.
As I mentioned above, when I tried to help a friend by taking his Yellow Tang I introduced some nasty strains of algae, including a really fast-growing Bryopsis into my quarantine/frag tank. This algae grew so fast that I was taking everything out of this tank weekly and scrubbing everything just to keep it from overgrowing all of the frags from week to week.
在与这种无情的害虫作斗争之后，我终于决定咬子弹并尝试这种新方法。我确实希望它至少需要两个星期，直到我看到效果。令我惊讶的是，我的压力在三天内屈服于这种治疗。也就是说，从字面上看，所有的bryposis（由于某种原因都被隔离到隔离/碎片坦克）在这一惊人的短时间内完全没有痕迹。
Conversely, I have read of individuals having strains of Bryopsis that did not respond to this treatment at all. Interestingly, this did not kill either the macroalgae nor the Chaeto in the central refugium on these tanks. But it did kill off several other problematic microalgae in these tanks, although these took significantly longer to die off than did the Bryopsis. Needless to say as a result of this success, I am a strong believer in using this agent to control the usually very problematic and tough to eradicate Bryopsis, as long as it is a strain that is susceptible.
As I mentioned above, one of the interesting things that I noticed when battling this Bryopsis outbreak was that it occurred almost exclusively in the frag/quarantine tank and not in the 300-gallon sps nor the 29 gallon-nano tank, all of which are interconnected and share a common sump. I do not have an explanation for this, but rather it has led me to the belief that many problematic algae problems may at first be limited to a micro-environment.
我这么说，因为我也看到了在孤立的坦克部分中爆发有问题的藻类，或者在一个相互联系的几个坦克中爆发了藻类。例如，目前在我的120加仑水箱中有有问题的草皮藻类的生长，但仅发生在储罐一侧的电流最强的位置。在储罐的另一侧，流量明显降低，它并没有成为问题。因此，在这种情况下，我认为强烈的流动正在促进这种藻类的生长，但仅在那里。
When I went back and looked at every aspect of my tanks and why the Bryopsis was only growing in one, the only significant difference I could find in these tanks is that the lights above this tank were using an LED template with significantly more red light than was the case in the other two tanks.
进一步的证据表明，红灯过多的问题可能导致了问题，即使这些坦克相互连接，该坦克上的前玻璃通常比其他两个坦克上的情况快两天了。
As a result, the red light in the LEDs on this tank has been reduced significantly. This has only been the case for less than a month, but already I am seeing that the glass on all three tanks now gets cloudy at the same rate.
Dinoflagellate – Brown Slime Algae
我希望我能说这是the worst of my recent algae problems, but like many other hobbyists I have spoken to and read about in the past 6 months, dinoflagellates are an increasingly encountered problem as well. At first I did not know what these pests were and thought they were just a common brown slime algae. Only when I pulled some out and looked at them under a microscope could I confirm that they were dinoflagellates.
当我用一个灯泡贝斯特偷偷摸一下并在玻璃杯中搅动它们以将它们搅动以将其搅动时，也可以证实这一点。在几个小时内，他们凝结了一个与我的微观诊断一致的群众。与提到的其他藻类一样，这些害虫中不仅有许多菌株，而且还有许多与之抗争的方法。
可悲的是，我几乎尝试了所有这些，直到发现最终为我所承受的压力工作的一个。我的水箱在市场上接受了每种商业鞭毛藻处理，结合了三天和四天的坦克停电。所有这些仅消除了这些害虫几天，然后它们复仇。
许多业余爱好者都报告了这些治疗方法的成功，但这些治疗方法与我的坦克中的疗法无效。然后，我去尝试过氧化氢，最多没有杀死它们，而是将它们保持在恒定水平。在这一点上，我认为增加剂量是下一步。尽管这确实在很短的时间内减少了恐龙的人口，但它也使我的水箱上部有高度敏感的蒙蒂托拉斯（Montiporas），许多人被漂白并死亡。
I’m hypothesizing that the peroxide increased the light sensitivity, as the Montiporas at the bottom of the tank and that were shaded survived. At this point I almost gave up and thought about taking down the entire 300-gallon tank and starting over when I read a post, sorry I wish I remembered who you were, suggesting that a pond UV sterilizer would work if the dinos were free swimming. Having run out of ideas and methods I decided to give this a try.
我买了一个55瓦池塘灭菌器在线并设置它，以便每小时1000加仑的水通过。在前两到三天里，变化很小，但是在此时间之后，恐龙开始逐渐变得越来越少。到两个星期结束时，他们已经完全消失了。我继续额外运行紫外线灭菌器，迄今为止他们还没有返回。因此，对于那些有自由泳鞭毛虫的人来说，我不知道有任何确定的说法，这可能是根除的另一种手段，但是正如我提到的那样，还有其他菌株对这种治疗方法没有反应。
瓦罗尼亚 - 泡泡藻
The last pesky algae that I continue to battle is Valonia. This little “ball” type of algae can at first seem interesting due to its unique characteristics and appearance, but over time it can over grow sps corals and become especially problematic when it starts growing between the branches of sps corals and starts killing them.
This pest comes in various sizes and the balls can be as small as the head of a pin to as large as a golf ball. Initially, the thought was to prick the balls to deflate them, but this was found to only release more “spores” into the tank which then grow into new colonies.
So it is now thought to be better to remove the balls intact by scraping and siphoning them or be removing the affected piece of live rock or coral and removing the Valonia from it outside of the tank if possible.
多年来，与瓦罗尼亚战斗几乎不变，这使我尝试为其和其他有问题的藻类找到天然捕食者。对于Valonia，我发现了Desjardinii Tangs（印度洋帆船唐斯）和Rabbitfish擅长控制这种害虫。
我还发现万圣节胆王（Tripneustes Gratilla）擅长保留草皮和闭合发作的藻类。我还使用各种蜗牛来管理不时出现的其他微藻害虫。我所有的水箱都有某种天然的草食动物，以控制藻类。
话虽如此，我现在意识到，随着时间的流逝，他们只意味着他们不会吃的某种类型的藻类会变得有问题，因此有必要找到另一种天然捕食者或其他方法来消除它。
过去，磷酸盐去除和NIT