The reintroduction of biological filter media has been one of the most significant changes in reefkeeping in the last 10 years. For decades, the Berlin Method taught us to ditch “traditional” aquarium filtration methods and instead rely on the microbial populations在现场岩石上to take care of all our tank’s nitrogen cycling requirements. Conventional biological filter media like ceramics were labeled as “Nitrate factories,” and blamed for many a failing tank. But now live rock has mostly gone, we use way less rock and thinner or no substrates, and ceramics are back in a big way.
What is biological filter media?
对于那些跳过淡水鱼类保管学徒制的人，主要来自g的鱼排泄氨，在海水中非常有毒。然而，他们不适合生活在含有它的水中。在水族馆中，细菌会发展为首先将氨转化为亚硝酸盐，然后转化为硝酸盐，然后我们通常会通过水变化或利用海洋大量藻类来稀释它，以进食并将其用作肥料。硝化细菌不会悬浮在水中，它们需要表面和生物膜才能居住。这就是生物过滤介质进入的地方。
需要明确的是，生物膜将在暴露于水族馆水的每个表面形成，从玻璃到管道，to your wavemaker，当然，岩石和沙粒的表面。但是，生物学媒体的作用是提供许多在紧凑空间中定居的表面。我们鼓励细菌通过提供与质量相关的高表面积的三维物体（介质）来定居，然后将其放在食物（氨（氨））中，氧气为氧气，作为原发性硝化器有氧。攻入硝化是使在所有封闭系统中保持鱼类的原因，无论是新鲜还是盐水，水族馆或池塘。
What can I use for biological filter media?
生物学媒体有无数形式和材料，但通常我们使用三种主要类型。
Natural– this can be any naturally porous reef-safe rock that’s been mined and broken down into ½”-1 ½” lumps. Examples include Lava Rock, Coral gravel/rubble, and crushed porous limestone resembling bits of Marco Rock.
陶瓷制品- 这是由粘土或水泥材料制成的介质，然后烘烤以产生坚硬的多孔材料。例子包括陶瓷环，也称为面条。
塑料- 这是人造的，具有高表面积的模制或挤压形状。示例包括K1和生物球。
尽管我们强烈建议粉碎，浸泡和ICP测试任何未知的过滤媒体是否还不是礁石爱好中的知名，良好的品牌。它可能只是浸出一些东西。
We use biological media by Seachem, Maxspect, Aquaforest, Siporax, and Brightwell, to give you just five trusted examples.
Where to place biological media
Biological media needs oxygen, so although regularly placed inside media bags we recommend it is placed loose or spread out to ensure it is exposed as much as possible to the water. Aerobic biofilms don’t appreciate being covered in gunk, so ensure effective mechanical filtration before hand, and “clean” it in old tank water if necessary.
生物过滤介质应放在filter chamber of an AIO或在污水池中，但即使如此，有些地方也比其他地方更好。将媒体从底部提高，并将其放在高流量的区域中。尽管可以使用鸡蛋箱，但越来越多的3D打印可以提供一些聪明且整洁的解决方案，以将媒体放在高流量区域却易于处理，但易于处理，但越来越易于处理，但越来越多地使用鸡蛋箱，但越来越多地使用鸡蛋箱，但越来越多地使用鸡蛋箱，但越来越多地将蛋箱使用蛋箱，但越来越多地使用鸡蛋箱，但越来越易于处理，一个专用的流通媒体室或两个陷阱挡板之间是理想的选择就像在媒体上一样。
Media reactors are the ultimate home for bio media as they concentrate flow and food through the media, but they do need a mechanical pre-filter (or frequent cleaning,) and if the reactor blocks or the pump flow to it is stopped, the aerobic bacteria will quickly die off and foul the chamber.
How much biological media should you use?
与普遍的看法相反，在直接硝化方面，更多的生物媒体并不总是更好。最有效的生物膜需要浓稠，但是，如果您只有几条鱼和许多立方英尺的生物介质，那么生物膜就会变得薄且虚弱，而成熟实际上可能需要更长的时间。
Manufacturers’ recommendations are fine but as a general rule, about a quarter of a gallon of media (1-liter volume,) will suffice for standard stocked reef aquariums up to 100 gallons in volume. Manufacturers will encourage to change out that media periodically but as long as it doesn’t crumble, we’ve used the same media for decades and it shouldn’t need replacement.
What filter media reduces nitrates?
我们和许多其他用户都注意到，像Maxspect的纳米技术生物圈这样的一些更高科技的生物媒体甚至可以完成周期并减少硝酸盐。这是现场摇滚的最初希望，尽管并非总是如此。也许有了更好的略读和机械过滤器，这是可能的。
For a long time, we were also told that for denitrification to occur it must happen in anaerobic zones deep within the rock or sand beds, although de-nitrifiers can also be found in aerobic biofilms – it’s where their food is after all – and the bacteria in bio-pellet reactors or used in probiotic methods are far from buried deep within. Saw a bio block in two and there is often nothing happening deep in the middle, with all the microbial action happening on the outside where the (nitrate,) and food are.
Many other things may also be lowering nitrate at the same time includingZooxanthellae, macroalgae, more efficient skimming, and more efficient prefilters like Roller Filters, so it’s difficult to prove in home aquaria. Specific denitrification media likeBrightwell’s XPort NO3is also available, it can be highly effective, but it’s a big subject for another article.
No-Bio-Media方法
We ran reef tanks for over twenty years with no specific bio media at all, although we did have rock and sand. In the礁石制造商工作室，尽管我们也知道，微生物组都在每个珊瑚基底，每个碎片塞以及我们使用的所有岩石，包括系统中的其他所有湿表面。
正确获得盐度和温度，在鱼之前用珊瑚很大，将引入相同的生物膜和多孔表面，然后在主陈列中再次暴露于氧气和食物时。
Fishless Cycling
如果您首先使用珊瑚循环，则随后添加鱼不应引起水质读数的太多。氨是难得的已建立的礁石坦克没有什么比淡水罐中的普遍。然而，在新的盐水储罐中，用干岩，沙子和新媒体，氨，亚硝酸盐和新的坦克综合症建立了复仇。
在我们的LF中，我们看到新近设置有骑自行车问题的坦克，并且瓶装“瞬间循环”细菌培养物的结果经常混合在一起。不应将鱼暴露在氨中，因此无鱼骑自行车是前进的道路。它还有助于防止惊慌失措的新主人，然后压力很大，然后 - proone鱼。要么沿着礁石建造者的路线，首先建立平衡的珊瑚罐，要么使用推荐的硝化细菌品牌和氯化铵瓶装的硝化剂品牌建立无鱼周期。
