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大坝泼妇正在防止在加勒比海清洁清洁

剑桥大学和加的夫大学的新研究表明，当Sharknose Gobies在Damellish领土建立清洁站时，Damsels会吓到他们的客户。自从淡天和历史悠久，健康的礁石上以来，少女就一直在追逐鱼类，这并不是问题。但是，随着珊瑚礁恶化，藻类和野蛮的雌雄病泛滥，吓跑了更多的鱼，并防止了那些必不可少的清洁服务。然后可以进一步改变精致的生态系统。

The meal of choice for theSharknose goby, Elacatinus evelynae，是寄生虫，死组织，鳞片和粘液的拼盘，从其他鱼类的体内捡起。通过删除这些杂物，Gobies将其“清洁服务”提供给其他海洋生物，这是物种之间互惠关系的著名例子。

发表在行为生态学上的研究是一种在很大程度上没有探索的现象的一个例子：自然界中的一种互惠关系被第三方破坏。Sharknose Gobies独奏或团结起来，建立了一个“清洁站”：在珊瑚礁的特定角落中的一个固定位置，其他受寄生虫负担负担的海洋生物也可以利用Gobies的饮食需求。

“ Gobies等待清洁站等待顾客，类似于商店。与顾客一起，寄生虫来了。“作为提供清洁服务的回报，Gobies获得了食物的付款。”

客户有多样化，包括鹦鹉鱼，Sepureonfish，and butterflyfish。These choosy client fish shop around, visiting different cleaning stations open for business. If interested, they will adopt a stationary pose that makes a clean more likely – typically a head or tail-stand position with all fins flared.

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Tactile stimulation

在清洁过程中（可以持续几秒钟到几分钟）与客户进行身体接触，去除寄生虫和其他尸体组织。邓克利说，这被称为“触觉刺激”，并且摆脱寄生虫，它可能是减轻客户压力的按摩。先前的研究确定了清洁剂的重要性 - 它们的去除导致礁石上的鱼类数量较少，而鱼类种类却少。邓克利说：“清洁站充当市场，如果客户停止出现，随着时间的流逝，清洁站将倒闭。”

Five researchers spent over 34 hours observing cleaning stations on a shallow fringing reef in Tobago over a period of six weeks. Equipped with snorkels and waterproof paper they recorded underwater interactions for 10-minute periods from 8 am-5:15 pm each day. They found that client fish were less likely to go to cleaning stations that were more often patrolled by damselfish, who scared ‘intruders’ away.

“I thought that damselfish might play a role as they visit cleaning stations too – although don’t often get cleaned – but to see just how influential they were was startling.“Damselfish act like farmers as they weed out algae they don’t want, to encourage their preferred algae to grow.卑鄙的人are protective over their algal territories,and these antisocial fish spend a lot of time patrolling their territories, scaring away intruders through biting, attacking, chasing or threatening displays.”

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卑鄙的人’s territories cover up to 70% of some reefs. On a healthy coral reef, a balance is maintained between algae and coral. But as reefs deteriorate and overfishing intensifies, algae thrive. As reefs deteriorate damselfish may become more common and/or aggressive – leading to fewer species receiving the goby cleaning treatment needed to keep them healthy, says Dunkley. This could ultimately contribute to the breakdown of delicate ecosystems supported by reefs.

“In future, we’d like to tease out the motives of damselfish. Are they driven by wanting to protect their algae farms or monopolize cleaning stations?” said Dunkley, a Charles Darwin and Galapagos Islands Fund Junior Research Fellow at Christ’s College, Cambridge.

“Just as humans are connected through family, friends, and colleagues, all fish are connected to each other. It’s important that we don’t just look at relationships in isolated bubbles. We need to step back and see how all fish are connected so that we can protect ecosystems like coral reefs.”

这项研究由自然环境研究委员会GW4+学生训练和基督剑桥大学加拉帕戈斯群岛基金会（均授予第一作者凯蒂·邓克利）。最后一位作者詹姆斯·赫伯特·雷德（James Herbert-Read）得到了海洋生物学的Whitten讲座和瑞典研究委员会的赠款（2018-04076）的支持。